Strongly typed language

Exercise #1

In this exercise, you'll work with enumerations. These are your goals:

1. Declare an enumeration named HTML_Color for the following colors:

   Color	Value
   Salmon	`#FA8072`
   Firebrick	`#B22222`
   Red	`#FF0000`
   Darkred	`#8B0000`
   Lime	`#00FF00`
   Forestgreen	`#228B22`
   Green	`#008000`
   Darkgreen	`#006400`
   Blue	`#0000FF`
   Mediumblue	`#0000CD`
   Darkblue	`#00008B`

2. Implement a function To_Integer to convert from the HTML_Color type to the integer values listed on table above.

   • Hints: You may use a case for this. Also, in order to express the hexadecimal values above in Ada, use the following syntax: `16#<hex_value>#` (e.g.: 16#FFFFFF#).

3. Declare another color type (Basic_HTML_Color) with the following colors: Red, Green, Blue. Also, implement the function To_HTML_Color that converts from the Basic_HTML_Color to HTML_Color.

Don't worry about the details of the Main procedure. You should just focus on declaring the types (in the Color_Types package) and implementing the functions as indicated below.

package Color_Types is -- Include type declaration for HTML_Color! -- -- type HTML_Color is [...] -- function To_Integer (C : HTML_Color) return Integer; -- Include type declaration for Basic_HTML_Color! -- -- type Basic_HTML_Color is [...] -- -- Include function declaration for: -- - Basic_HTML_Color => HTML_Color -- -- function To_HTML_Color [...]; -- end Color_Types;

package body Color_Types is function To_Integer (C : HTML_Color) return Integer is begin -- Implement the conversion from HTML_Color to Integer here! -- -- Hint: use 'case' for the HTML colors; -- use 16#...# for the hexadecimal values. -- null; end To_Integer; -- Implement the conversion from Basic_HTML_Color to HTML_Color here! -- -- function To_HTML_Color [...] is -- end Color_Types;

with Ada.Command_Line; use Ada.Command_Line; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; with Color_Types; use Color_Types; procedure Main is type Test_Case_Index is (HTML_Color_Range, HTML_Color_To_Integer, Basic_HTML_Color_To_HTML_Color); procedure Check (TC : Test_Case_Index) is begin case TC is when HTML_Color_Range => for I in HTML_Color'Range loop Put_Line (HTML_Color'Image (I)); end loop; when HTML_Color_To_Integer => for I in HTML_Color'Range loop Ada.Integer_Text_IO.Put (Item => To_Integer (I), Width => 6, Base => 16); New_Line; end loop; when Basic_HTML_Color_To_HTML_Color => for I in Basic_HTML_Color'Range loop Put_Line (HTML_Color'Image (To_HTML_Color (I))); end loop; end case; end Check; begin if Argument_Count < 1 then Put_Line ("ERROR: missing arguments! Exiting..."); return; elsif Argument_Count > 1 then Put_Line ("Ignoring additional arguments..."); end if; Check (Test_Case_Index'Value (Argument (1))); end Main;

in 0:HTML_Color_Range out 0:SALMON FIREBRICK RED DARKRED LIME FORESTGREEN GREEN DARKGREEN BLUE MEDIUMBLUE DARKBLUE in 1:HTML_Color_To_Integer out 1:16#FA8072# 16#B22222# 16#FF0000# 16#8B0000# 16#FF00# 16#228B22# 16#8000# 16#6400# 16#FF# 16#CD# 16#8B# in 2:Basic_HTML_Color_To_HTML_Color out 2:RED GREEN BLUE

Exercise #2

In this exercise, you'll create integer types. These are your goals:

1. Declare two custom integer types with values between 0 and 100: one integer type (I_100) and a modular type (U_100).
2. Implement the functions To_I_100 and To_U_100 to convert between the I_100 and U_100 types.
3. Declare integer types with values between 10 and 50 using I_100 as a base type. You must create one derived type (D_50) and a subtype (S_50).
4. Implement the function To_D_50 and To_S_50 that convert from I_100 to these types and saturate the value if they are out of range. For example, if the input for To_D_50 is 100, the output of the function is 50.
   • Hint: you may use the type attributes D_50'First and D_50'Last, which indicate, respectively, the minimum and maximum value of the D_50 type. The same attributes are available for the S_50 type.
5. Implement the function To_I_100 that convert from D_100 back to the base type I_100.
   • Remark: we could write a function To_I_100 to convert from S_100 as well. However, we skip this here because explicit conversions are not needed for subtypes.

Don't worry about the details of the Main procedure. You should just focus on declaring the types (in the Int_Types package) and implementing the functions as indicated below.

package Int_Types is -- Include type declarations for I_100 and U_100! -- -- type I_100 is [...] -- type U_100 is [...] -- function To_I_100 (V : U_100) return I_100; function To_U_100 (V : I_100) return U_100; -- Include type declarations for D_50 and S_50! -- -- [...] D_50 is [...] -- [...] S_50 is [...] -- function To_D_50 (V : I_100) return D_50; function To_S_50 (V : I_100) return S_50; function To_I_100 (V : D_50) return I_100; end Int_Types;

package body Int_Types is function To_I_100 (V : U_100) return I_100 is begin -- Implement the conversion from U_100 to I_100 here! -- null; end To_I_100; function To_U_100 (V : I_100) return U_100 is begin -- Implement the conversion from I_100 to U_100 here! -- null; end To_U_100; function To_D_50 (V : I_100) return D_50 is Min : constant I_100 := I_100 (D_50'First); Max : constant I_100 := I_100 (D_50'Last); begin -- Implement the conversion from I_100 to D_50 here! -- -- Hint: using the constants above simplifies the checks needed for -- this function. -- null; end To_D_50; function To_S_50 (V : I_100) return S_50 is begin -- Implement the conversion from I_100 to S_50 here! -- -- Remark: don't forget to verify whether an explicit conversion like -- S_50 (V) is needed. -- null; end To_S_50; function To_I_100 (V : D_50) return I_100 is begin -- Implement the conversion from I_100 to D_50 here! -- -- Remark: don't forget to verify whether an explicit conversion like -- I_100 (V) is needed. -- null; end To_I_100; end Int_Types;

with Ada.Command_Line; use Ada.Command_Line; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Int_Types; use Int_Types; procedure Main is package I_100_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (I_100); package U_100_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Modular_IO (U_100); package D_50_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (D_50); use I_100_IO; use U_100_IO; use D_50_IO; type Test_Case_Index is (I_100_Range, U_100_Range, U_100_Wraparound, U_100_To_I_100, I_100_To_U_100, D_50_Range, S_50_Range, I_100_To_D_50, I_100_To_S_50, D_50_To_I_100, S_50_To_I_100); procedure Check (TC : Test_Case_Index) is begin I_100_IO.Default_Width := 1; U_100_IO.Default_Width := 1; D_50_IO.Default_Width := 1; case TC is when I_100_Range => Put (I_100'First); New_Line; Put (I_100'Last); New_Line; when U_100_Range => Put (U_100'First); New_Line; Put (U_100'Last); New_Line; when U_100_Wraparound => Put (U_100'First - 1); New_Line; Put (U_100'Last + 1); New_Line; when U_100_To_I_100 => for I in U_100'Range loop I_100_IO.Put (To_I_100 (I)); New_Line; end loop; when I_100_To_U_100 => for I in I_100'Range loop Put (To_U_100 (I)); New_Line; end loop; when D_50_Range => Put (D_50'First); New_Line; Put (D_50'Last); New_Line; when S_50_Range => Put (S_50'First); New_Line; Put (S_50'Last); New_Line; when I_100_To_D_50 => for I in I_100'Range loop Put (To_D_50 (I)); New_Line; end loop; when I_100_To_S_50 => for I in I_100'Range loop Put (To_S_50 (I)); New_Line; end loop; when D_50_To_I_100 => for I in D_50'Range loop Put (To_I_100 (I)); New_Line; end loop; when S_50_To_I_100 => for I in S_50'Range loop Put (I); New_Line; end loop; end case; end Check; begin if Argument_Count < 1 then Put_Line ("ERROR: missing arguments! Exiting..."); return; elsif Argument_Count > 1 then Put_Line ("Ignoring additional arguments..."); end if; Check (Test_Case_Index'Value (Argument (1))); end Main;

in 0:I_100_Range out 0:0 100 in 1:U_100_Range out 1:0 100 in 2:U_100_Wraparound out 2:100 0 in 3:U_100_To_I_100 out 3:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in 4:I_100_To_U_100 out 4:0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in 5:D_50_Range out 5:10 50 in 6:S_50_Range out 6:10 50 in 7:I_100_To_D_50 out 7:10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 in 8:I_100_To_S_50 out 8:10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 in 9:D_50_To_I_100 out 9:10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 in 10:S_50_To_I_100 out 10:10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Exercise #3

In this exercise, you'll work with custom floating-point and integer types to implement a small system with temperatures in Celsius and Kelvin. These are your goals:

1. Declare a floating-point and an integer type for temperatures in Celsius: Celsius and Int_Celsius, respectively. You must use a range between -273.15 and 5504.85 for the floating-point type and the rounded interval between -273 and 5505 for the integer type.
2. Implement the functions To_Celsius and To_Int_Celsius to convert between these types. Because of the slightly different ranges, you'll need to check for the minimum and maximum values of the input values in the implementation of the To_Celsius function.
   • Hint: use variables of floating-point type (Float) for intermediate values in the implementation of To_Celsius.
3. Declare a floating-point type named Kelvin for temperatures in Kelvin using a range between 0.0 and 5778.0.
4. Implement the functions To_Celsius and To_Kelvin to convert between temperatures in Kelvin and Celsius.
   • Hint: use a variable of floating-point type (Float) for intermediate values.

For the floating-point types above, use a precision of six digits.

package Temperature_Types is -- Include type declaration for Celsius! -- -- Celsius is [...]; -- function To_Celsius (T : Int_Celsius) return Celsius; function To_Int_Celsius (T : Celsius) return Int_Celsius; -- Include type declaration for Kelvin! -- -- type Kelvin is [...]; -- -- Include function declarations for: -- - Kelvin => Celsius -- - Celsius => Kelvin -- -- function To_Celsius [...]; -- function To_Kelvin [...]; -- end Temperature_Types;

package body Temperature_Types is function To_Celsius (T : Int_Celsius) return Celsius is begin null; end To_Celsius; function To_Int_Celsius (T : Celsius) return Int_Celsius is begin null; end To_Int_Celsius; -- Include function implementation for: -- - Kelvin => Celsius -- - Celsius => Kelvin -- -- function To_Celsius [...] is -- function To_Kelvin [...] is -- end Temperature_Types;

with Ada.Command_Line; use Ada.Command_Line; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Temperature_Types; use Temperature_Types; procedure Main is package Celsius_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO (Celsius); package Kelvin_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Float_IO (Kelvin); package Int_Celsius_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Int_Celsius); use Celsius_IO; use Kelvin_IO; use Int_Celsius_IO; type Test_Case_Index is (Celsius_Range, Celsius_To_Int_Celsius, Int_Celsius_To_Celsius, Kelvin_To_Celsius, Celsius_To_Kelvin); procedure Check (TC : Test_Case_Index) is begin Celsius_IO.Default_Fore := 1; Kelvin_IO.Default_Fore := 1; Int_Celsius_IO.Default_Width := 1; case TC is when Celsius_Range => Put (Celsius'First); New_Line; Put (Celsius'Last); New_Line; when Celsius_To_Int_Celsius => Put (To_Int_Celsius (Celsius'First)); New_Line; Put (To_Int_Celsius (0.0)); New_Line; Put (To_Int_Celsius (Celsius'Last)); New_Line; when Int_Celsius_To_Celsius => Put (To_Celsius (Int_Celsius'First)); New_Line; Put (To_Celsius (0)); New_Line; Put (To_Celsius (Int_Celsius'Last)); New_Line; when Kelvin_To_Celsius => Put (To_Celsius (Kelvin'First)); New_Line; Put (To_Celsius (0)); New_Line; Put (To_Celsius (Kelvin'Last)); New_Line; when Celsius_To_Kelvin => Put (To_Kelvin (Celsius'First)); New_Line; Put (To_Kelvin (Celsius'Last)); New_Line; end case; end Check; begin if Argument_Count < 1 then Put_Line ("ERROR: missing arguments! Exiting..."); return; elsif Argument_Count > 1 then Put_Line ("Ignoring additional arguments..."); end if; Check (Test_Case_Index'Value (Argument (1))); end Main;

in 0:Celsius_Range out 0:-2.73150E+02 5.50485E+03 in 1:Celsius_To_Int_Celsius out 1:-273 0 5505 in 2:Int_Celsius_To_Celsius out 2:-2.73000E+02 0.00000E+00 5.50485E+03 in 3:Kelvin_To_Celsius out 3:-2.73150E+02 0.00000E+00 5.50485E+03 in 4:Celsius_To_Kelvin out 4:0.00000E+00 5.77800E+03